中学语文教材选编的外国文学作品大部分,是批判现实主义的作品.教师讲授新课时,经常提到这一术语,但究竟什么是“批判现实主义”呢?却不见得每个人都尽晓其详.在西欧文学中,批判现实主义是现实主义传统的继承和发展,它是特指十九世纪在欧州形成的一种文艺思潮和创作方法.十九世纪法国的蒲鲁东在《艺术的社会使命》一书中,最早作出“现实主义是批判的”论断:但正式提出“批判现实主义”并给它下定义的是高尔基:“资产阶级的‘浪子’的现实主义,是批判的现实主义,批判的现实主义揭发了社会的恶习,描写了个人在家庭传统、宗教教条和法规压制下的‘生活和冒险’,却不能够给人指出一条出路.批判一切现存的事物倒是容易,但除了肯定社会生活 Most of the foreign literary works compiled by the Chinese textbooks of secondary schools are works of critical realism, which are often referred to by teachers when teaching new courses, but what is “critical realism”? In the Western European literature, critical realism is the inheritance and development of the realist tradition, which refers to a kind of literary trend of thought and creation method that was formed in the 19th century in Europe.Puronton of France in the 19th century put forward “the social mission of art ”One book, the earliest made the“ realism is critical ”assertion: But formally put forward the“ critical realism ”and give it the definition of Gorky:“ The bourgeois ”prodigal" realism is critical realism, Critical realism uncovers social abuse, portrays individuals’ life and adventure under the constraints of family traditions, religious dogma, and regulations, but can not give a way out. It is easy to criticize everything that exists, except in the affirmative Social life