目的探讨针吸细胞学检查用于乳腺肿块诊断的准确性和应用价值。方法将138例乳腺肿块的针吸细胞学检查结果与病理组织学诊断结果进行对比分析。结果对于病理组织学诊断的82例恶性肿瘤,针吸细胞学检查找到癌细胞的有75例,诊断正确率91.5%;有7例假阴性,未发现癌细胞。对于病理组织学诊断的56例良性肿瘤,针吸细胞学检查均未找到癌细胞,诊断正确率100%。针吸细胞学检查对于本组138例乳腺肿块的总正确率为94.9%(131/138)。结论针吸细胞学检查具有操作简便、快速、准确性高等特点,是乳腺肿块的有效诊断方法。 Objective To investigate the accuracy and value of needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast masses. Methods The needle aspiration cytology results of 138 cases of breast masses were compared with the results of histopathological diagnosis. Results Of 82 malignant tumors diagnosed histopathologically, 75 cases were diagnosed as needle aspiration cytology and 91.5% were correctly diagnosed. Seven cases were false-negative and no cancerous cells were found. For pathological diagnosis of 56 cases of benign tumors, needle aspiration cytology did not find cancer cells, the correct diagnosis rate of 100%. Needle aspiration cytology for the group of 138 cases of breast lumps, the overall accuracy was 94.9% (131/138). Conclusions Needle aspiration cytology has the advantages of simple, rapid and accurate operation, which is an effective diagnostic method for breast lumps.