上海手工系统绝大多数是中、小企业,管理基础差,技术力量少,应变能力弱,经济效益不理想。当前面临严重挑战的新形势,更普遍感到压力很大。许多干部虽有办好企业的愿望和要求,却缺少现代化经营管理的方法,迫切希望借助各方面的力量来弥补企业自身的不足。在上海市企业管理协会的指导和帮助下,自1982年下半年开始,市手工 The vast majority of Shanghai’s manual systems are small and medium-sized enterprises. Their management bases are poor, their technical strength is low, their resilience is weak, and their economic results are not ideal. The new situation that is currently facing serious challenges is more generally felt stressful. Although many cadres have the desire and requirements for running a business, they lack the means of modern management and management and are eager to make use of various forces to make up for their own deficiencies. With the guidance and help of Shanghai Enterprise Management Association, since the second half of 1982, the city has made