从党的十一届三中全会以来,企业改革先后经历了扩大经营自主权、利改税、推行承包制和厂长负责制等阶段,对搞活企业,增强企业的活力,起到了重要作用。但是,仍有相当一部分国有企业搞不活、搞不好,增长速度明显低于其它类型的企业,亏损问题十分严重,有的甚至到了濒临破产的境地。一些国有企业搞不活、搞不好固然有诸多方面的因素,从客观方面讲,如产权不清、政企不分、历史欠帐多、社会负担重等,但国有企业本身存在的一些问题,也是一个不可忽视的因素。一、管理方法和手段落后,存在一定 Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, enterprise reform has successively experienced stages such as expanding business autonomy, reforming taxation, implementing contracting system, and director responsibility system, which have played an important role in invigorating the enterprise and enhancing its vitality. However, there are still a large number of state-owned enterprises that are unable to work or do well. The growth rate is significantly lower than that of other types of enterprises. The loss problem is very serious, and some even reach the point of bankruptcy. Some state-owned enterprises are unable to work, and there are certainly many factors that can affect their performance. From an objective perspective, there are some problems in the state-owned enterprises such as unclear property rights, non-division of government-owned enterprises, historical debts, heavy social burden, etc. It is also a factor that cannot be ignored. First, management methods and methods are backward, there are certain