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1.共价键都具有方向性共价键的形成是成键原子的电子云发生重叠,如果电子云重叠程度越多,两核间电子云密度越大,形成的共价键就越牢固,因此共价键的形成将尽可能地沿着电子云密度最大的方向进行。除s轨道的电子云是球形对称,相互重叠时无方向性外,其余的p、d、f轨道的电子云在空间都具有一定的伸展方向,故成键时都有方向性。共价键的方向性,决定分子中各原子的空间排布,原子排布对称与否,对于确定分子的极性有重要作用。
1. The formation of covalent bonds with directional covalent bonds is the overlap of the electron clouds forming the bonding atoms. If the degree of overlap of the electron clouds is greater, the greater the electron cloud density between the two cores, the stronger the covalent bonds formed. Therefore, the formation of covalent bonds will be carried out in the direction of maximum electron cloud density as much as possible. In addition to s orbital electron cloud is spherical symmetry, overlap each other without direction, the rest of the p, d, f orbit electronic cloud in space have a certain stretching direction, so when the keys are directional. The directionality of the covalent bond determines the spatial arrangement of the atoms in the molecule, whether the arrangement of the atoms is symmetrical or not, plays an important role in determining the polarity of the molecule.