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采用模型模拟水稻热害过程及其可能的产量损失是水稻耐高温研究的重要一环,但较精确地测定水稻冠层的微气象条件还存在诸多困难。采用最新研制的水稻冠层微气象测定仪Mincer实地测定法研究了水稻花期热害受害下的冠层微气象特征,并将相关数据与邻近国家基本气象观测站的数据比较,从而形成了水稻冠层、水稻田田面上部(距田面2倍株高,约1.9m)和空旷地(距地面1.5m)等的对比。结果表明,供试品种受到花期热害后,结实率降低4.0%,达到显著受害水平。在此条件下,日平均气温值由水稻田冠层、水稻田上部与空旷地相比依次升高,水稻冠层与水稻田上部的温度值一般分别比空旷地低2.05、0.92℃,且在连续高温的部分时段出现冠层温度的异常升高;相对湿度值反之,由冠层内部、水稻田上部与空旷地依次降低,水稻冠层与水稻田上部的相对湿度值分别比空旷地低高14.55%、5.97%(绝对值)。此外,高温天气下开花前后水稻田上部与冠层温湿度差的变化幅度都小于常温天气,且出现的时间段早于常温。这些结果,对设定水稻高温受害鉴定条件、模拟水稻高温受害过程均具有重要指导意义。
It is an important part of the research on the high temperature resistance of rice to simulate the heat damage process and its possible yield loss using the model. However, there are still many difficulties in determining the micro-weather conditions of the rice canopy accurately. Using the newly developed rice canopy micrometeorometer Mincer field test to study the canopy thermal damage under canopy micrographs, and the relevant data with the neighboring countries, the basic meteorological observation station data to form a rice crown Layer, the upper part of paddy field (twice the height from the field, about 1.9m) and the open area (1.5m above the ground). The result showed that the seed setting rate was reduced by 4.0% when the tested varieties were affected by anthesis, which reached the level of significant damage. Under these conditions, the average daily temperature values increased from the canopy of paddy field and the upper part of paddy fields to the open areas in turn, and the temperature values of rice canopy and paddy fields were 2.05 and 0.92 ℃ lower than the open areas respectively The temperature of the canopy increased abnormally during the continuous high temperature period. On the contrary, the relative humidity decreased from the upper part of the canopy to the upper part of the rice paddy, while the relative humidity of the upper part of the rice canopy and the paddy field was lower than that of the open part 14.55%, 5.97% (absolute). In addition, the difference in temperature and humidity between the top and the canopy of paddy fields before and after flowering under high temperature was less than that at normal temperature, and the time period appeared earlier than normal temperature. These results have important guiding significance for setting identification conditions of high temperature damage in rice and simulating the process of high temperature damage in rice.