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开篇电力工业是整个国民经济的基础和支柱产业。截止2003年底,我国发电设备的总装机容量已达到3.93亿kW,总发电量为19052亿kWh,其中火电2.9亿kW,占总容量的75.8%。我国制造业为电力工业的发展做出了重大贡献,目前在火电设备中国产机组占80%左右。从1996年起我国的总装机及总发电量均已列居世界第二位,但人均装机及电量水平仍相当落后,仅为国际最低标准的75%,世界平均的40%,欧美发达国家的1/15。即使今后每年按至少5%的增长速度, 预计到2010年,我国的总装机容量达到6亿kW后,也才达到国际人年均1500kWh的最低标准。这种状况表明:我国电力工业还有巨大的市场需求,我国发电设备制造业将继续为电力工业的发展做出应有的贡献。随着国民经济的进一步高速增长及西部大开发、“西电东送”政策的实施,作为生产发电设备主机之一的汽轮机制遣业获得了巨大的市场和难得的发展机遇,与此同时,中国入世、关税壁垒的解除,又使中国汽轮机制造业直接面对国际市场的挑战。在总结回顾过去的同时,中国汽轮机制造业更应认清国内外本行业的现状和发展趋势,展望未来、找出差距、制定对策,为开创我国动力工业新的历史篇章做出更大的贡献。
Opening power industry is the foundation and pillar industries of the entire national economy. By the end of 2003, the total installed capacity of power generation equipment in China had reached 393 million kW with a total generating capacity of 1.9052 trillion kWh, of which 290 million kW were thermal power, accounting for 75.8% of the total capacity. China’s manufacturing industry made a significant contribution to the development of the power industry. Currently, China-made generating units occupy about 80% of thermal power equipment. Since 1996, China’s total installed capacity and total generating capacity have ranked second in the world, but per capita installed capacity and electricity levels are still quite backward, only 75% of the international minimum standards, the world average of 40%, developed countries in Europe and America 1/15. Even at an annual growth rate of at least 5% in the future, it is estimated that by 2010, after China’s total installed capacity reaches 600 million kWh, it will reach the minimum standard of 1500 kWh per year for international people. This situation shows that: China’s power industry there is still a huge market demand, China’s power generation equipment manufacturing industry will continue to make due contributions to the development of the power industry. With the further rapid growth of the national economy and the development of the western region, the implementation of the policy of “sending electricity from the west to the east” has given Huge market and rare opportunities for development as a steam turbine mechanism that is one of the main engines of power generation equipment. Meanwhile, China’s accession to the WTO, the lifting of tariff barriers, but also to China’s steam turbine manufacturing industry to directly face the challenges of the international market. While reviewing the past, China’s steam turbine manufacturing industry should also recognize the status quo and development trend of the industry at home and abroad, look ahead, find out the gaps, formulate countermeasures and make greater contribution to creating a new historical chapter of China’s power industry .