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突变的概念突变是突然发生的可遗传的变异。这发生在遗传物质之中,能够重复发生,但一般是罕见的事。所谓“突然”,是事前不能知道遗传物质的哪一部分要发生变化,而所产生的变异一般也不会是当时环境条件所需要的。所谓“可遗传”,是因为这变化发生在遗传物质之中,发生改变的是基因型。怎样知道一个个体发生了突变?这只有观察到那个突变的生物学效应才能知道。这一般是观察到表现型的差异才知道的。
The conceptual mutation of a mutation is a heritable mutation that suddenly occurs. This occurs in genetic material and can recur, but it is generally uncommon. The so-called “sudden” is that it is impossible to know beforehand which part of the genetic material is to be changed, and the resulting variation is not usually required by the environmental conditions at that time. The so-called “hereditary”, because the change occurs in genetic material, the change is the genotype. How do you know that an individual has undergone a mutation? This can only be understood by observing the biological effects of that mutation. This is generally known by observing the differences in phenotypes.