现代认知心理学认为:学生的学习过程就是把教材中的知识结构转化为自己的认知结果的过程。而完成这一过程,仅仅靠老师完成新课的教学内容是不够的,还要通过有效的练习才能把新知同旧知紧密联系起来,融为一体,使之发生有效关联。课堂中的练习题是小学数学课堂教学过程中的重要组成部分,是教师了解学生知识掌握情况的主要途径,是让学生掌握知识、形 Modern cognitive psychology that: the learning process of students is the process of transforming the structure of knowledge in textbooks into their own cognitive results. To complete this process, it is not enough to rely solely on the teacher to complete the teaching content of the new course, but also to effectively integrate the new knowledge and the old knowledge through effective practice. Exercises in the classroom is an important part of the process of teaching mathematics in primary schools. It is the main way for teachers to understand the situation of students’ knowledge. It is for students to acquire knowledge and form