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为明确间套作和施磷对玉米籽粒磷质量分数、收获指数、磷素收获指数和体内磷素利用效率的影响,进行为期3年(2009—2011年)的田间定位试验。试验为裂区设计,主区为不同施磷水平,分别为0、40和80kg/hm2施磷量,副区为油菜、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆和大豆与玉米间套作及单作玉米。结果表明:1)间套作显著提高玉米籽粒磷质量分数,与油菜、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆和大豆间套作的玉米平均籽粒磷质量分数比单作玉米分别高出19.8%、13.0%、17.2%和12.0%;而间套作玉米相对于单作玉米收获指数和磷素收获指数均无显著变化;间套作明显降低玉米体内磷素利用效率,与油菜、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆和大豆间套作玉米的平均体内磷素利用效率比单作玉米分别降低15.9%、9.6%、14.9%和8.5%。2)施磷对玉米收获指数无显著影响;2009年施磷量对玉米籽粒磷质量分数没有显著影响,后2年40和80kg/hm2施磷量时玉米籽粒磷质量分数显著高于不施磷,2年平均提高12.5%和15.9%;40kg/hm2施磷量时(2010年)和80kg/hm2施磷量时(2010和2011年)平均体内磷素利用效率显著低于不施磷,2年平均分别降低8.8%和10.4%;施磷只对2011年磷素收获指数有增加趋势,这可能与土壤基础磷肥肥力较好,施磷在第2年和第3年才产生梯度效应有关。综上,间套作和施磷均能提高玉米籽粒磷质量分数,对收获指数均无影响,但却降低体内磷素利用效率,磷素存在奢侈吸收现象;间套作对磷素收获指数无影响;施磷有提高磷素收获指数的趋势。
A three-year (2009-2011) field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of intercropping and phosphorus application on the phosphorus content, harvest index, phosphorus harvest index and phosphorus use efficiency in maize kernels. The experiment was designed for the split zone. The main areas were different levels of phosphorus application, which were 0, 40 and 80 kg / hm2, respectively. The sub-areas were rape, broad bean, chickpea, soybean and corn intercropping and monoculture. The results showed that: 1) intercropping significantly increased the phosphorus content of maize kernel, and the average phosphorus content of maize intercropped with rapeseed, broad bean, chickpea and soybean was 19.8%, 13.0% and 17.2 % And 12.0%, respectively; while intercropping maize showed no significant change in harvest index and phosphorus harvest index compared with single cropping maize; intercropping significantly reduced the utilization efficiency of maize inbred lines, and rape, broad bean, chickpea and soybean The average in vivo phosphorus use efficiency of intercropping maize was 15.9%, 9.6%, 14.9% and 8.5% lower than that of monoculture maize respectively. 2) Phosphorus had no significant effect on corn harvest index. In 2009, phosphorus application had no significant effect on the phosphorus content of maize grain. The phosphorus content of maize kernels at 40 and 80 kg / hm2 was significantly higher than that of no phosphorus application , Averagely increased by 12.5% and 15.9% respectively over the two years; the average in vivo phosphorus use efficiency was significantly lower than that under no phosphorus application (P> 0.05) when phosphorus was applied at 40kg / hm2 (2010) and phosphorus was applied at 80kg / hm2 The annual average decrease of 8.8% and 10.4% respectively; the phosphorus application only increased the index of phosphorus harvest in 2011, which may be related to the better soil fertility of basic phosphate fertilizer and the gradient effect of phosphorus application in the second and third years. To sum up, intercropping and applying phosphorus can increase the phosphorus content of maize grain, and have no effect on the harvest index, but reduce the efficiency of phosphorus use in the body, and there is a luxury absorption phenomenon of phosphorus; intercropping has no effect on the phosphorus harvest index Phosphorus has the trend to increase the phosphorus harvest index.