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目的：采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和限制性内切酶消化相结合的方法建立一种在分子水平上简单快速的HLA-DQA1基因分型方法，取代传统的血清学分型方法。探讨合肥地区正常人的HLA-DQA1基因型的分布。方法：根据HLA-DQA1DNA序列设计引物，采用PCR扩增相应的片段，然后用限制性内切酶消化，琼脂糖电泳分析其限制性片段长度的多态性（RFLP）。结果：应用本法成功分析了28例合肥地区健康献血员HLA－DQA1位点8个等位基因的分布，DQAI*0301频率最高为30．36％，DQA1*0401和DQA1*0601频率最低均为3．57％。结论：本法操作简单，重复性好，适宜于普通实验室开展应用。
OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple and rapid HLA-DQA1 genotyping method by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction endonuclease digestion to replace the traditional serological typing method. To investigate the distribution of HLA-DQA1 genotypes in normal subjects in Hefei. Methods: Primers were designed according to the HLA-DQA1 DNA sequence. The corresponding fragments were amplified by PCR and then digested with restriction endonucleases. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The distribution of 8 alleles of HLA-DQA1 loci in 28 Hefei donors was successfully analyzed by this method. The highest frequency of DQAI * 0301 was 30.36%, and the lowest frequencies of DQA1 * 0401 and DQA1 * 0601 were 3.57%. Conclusion: This method is simple, reproducible, suitable for general laboratory applications.