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研究了稻谷、玉米和小麦在25℃,相对湿度分别为75%、85%和95%储藏,以及在高于安全水分2%的相似水活度条件下储藏期间霉菌的活动特性。结果表明,小麦最易出现霉菌生长活动,稻谷的抗霉菌生长作用最强,玉米介于小麦和稻谷之间;其中85%相对湿度下储藏至28 d,小麦的微生物活性值升高了475 u,分别是稻谷和玉米同期升高值的5.6和3.5倍。储粮中霉菌活动特性的不同表现与各粮种的吸湿性能及粮粒外皮(颖壳或种皮)的霉菌可生长性差异有关,但将相同霉菌活动强度的储粮样品作相关品质指标的检测,发现小麦的黏度、发芽率变化不明显,而玉米和稻谷的脂肪酸值和发芽率则有较大的变化。因此,对于储藏品质较稳定但易滋长霉菌的小麦应该重点关注霉菌活动的状况,仅仅监测品质指标变化难以准确判断储藏的安全性和粮食相关的食品安全性。
The activities of molds during storage of rice, maize and wheat at 25 ° C with relative humidity of 75%, 85% and 95%, respectively, and similar water activity above 2% safe water were studied. The results showed that mildew growth activity was the most likely to occur in wheat, the mildew growth was the strongest in rice, and the corn was between wheat and paddy. When stored at 85% relative humidity for 28 days, the activity of wheat increased by 475 u Respectively, 5.6 and 3.5 times higher than the same period of paddy and maize respectively. The different performance of mildew activity in grain storage was related to the hygroscopicity of each grain species and the differences in the growth of mildew of cereal grain sheath (glume shell or seed coat). However, the stored grain samples with the same mildew activity intensity were related to the quality index Detection and found that the viscosity of wheat, the germination rate was not obvious, while the corn and rice fatty acid value and germination rate has a greater change. Therefore, wheat with stable storage quality and easy growth should focus on the activity of mold. It is difficult to accurately judge the safety of storage and the food safety related to food by monitoring the change of quality index.