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背景:气质在儿童心理发展中发挥重要的作用。气质主要由遗传所决定,但也受一些其他因素的影响,研究其影响因素,进而从影响因素入手进行气质培育对于促进儿童心理发展和减少行为问题的发生具有重要意义。目的:分析母乳喂养与4～5岁儿童气质特征之间的关系。设计:整群抽样调查。单位:青岛大学医学院附属医院、淄博市中心医院、青岛大学医学院儿科研究所。对象:选择2005-03/06淄博市市内4区的8所幼儿园4～5岁儿童737名,其中男孩399名,女孩338名。调查对象及其家属对本实验目的均知情。方法:采用NYLS3～7岁儿童气质量表和自制的儿童气质影响因素问卷,采用分层整群抽样的方法,对737名儿童进行调查。对气质类型9个维度与生后4个月内喂养类型、母乳喂养持续时间的相关性进行分析;以气质各纬度为因变量,以生后4个月内喂养类型、母乳喂养持续时间等为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析。主要观察指标:气质纬度、生后4个月内喂养类型和母乳喂养持续时间。结果:纳入儿童737名,全部进入结果分析。相关分析发现气质维度适应度与生后4个月内主要喂奶粉正相关(r=0.084,P=0.030),规律性和注意分散与只喂奶粉负相关(r=-0.087,-0.075,P=0.022,0.047),活动水平与只喂母乳正相关,与母乳与奶粉量相等负相关(r=0.084,-0.077,P=0.030,0.045),趋避性与主要喂母乳负相关(r=-0.097,P=0.012)。气质维度规律性、情绪本质、活动水平与母乳喂养持续时间4～6个月负相关(r=-0.082,-0.102,-0.153,P=0.036,0.009,0.001),情绪本质、活动水平与母乳喂养持续时间≥9个月正相关(r=0.089,0.088,P=0.024,0.025)。校正家庭结构、父母亲受教育水平等因素后,适应度的影响因素是主要喂奶粉;反应强度的影响因素是母乳喂养持续时间4～6个月和主要喂母乳;规律性的影响因素是母乳喂养持续时间7～9个月和只喂奶粉;活动水平的影响因素是母乳与奶粉等量和母乳喂养持续时间7～9个月;情绪本质的影响因素是只喂奶粉和母乳喂养持续时间7～9个月;趋避性的影响因素是主要喂母乳和母乳与奶粉等量;注意分散的影响因素是主要喂奶粉。结论:婴儿生后4个月内喂养类型和母乳喂养持续时间与4～5岁儿童气质维度发展有关,在气质培养与干预中应充分考虑母乳喂养的作用。
Background: Temperament plays an important role in children’s psychological development. Temperament is mainly determined by genetic factors, but also influenced by some other factors, to study its influencing factors, and then start with the influencing factors to cultivate temperament to promote children’s psychological development and reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems is of great significance. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between breastfeeding and temperament characteristics of children aged 4-5 years. Design: Cluster sampling survey. Unit: Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Zibo Central Hospital, Qingdao University School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 737 children aged 4 to 5 years from 8 kindergartens in 4 districts of Zibo City were selected from March 2005 to March 399, including 399 boys and 338 girls. The respondents and their relatives were informed of the purpose of the experiment. Methods: A total of 737 children were surveyed by stratified cluster sampling using the NYLS3 ~ 7-year-old children’s temperament scale and the self-made questionnaire of children’s temperament. The correlations between the nine dimensions of temperament type and the type of feeding and the duration of breastfeeding were analyzed in nine dimensions of temperament type and the duration of breastfeeding in four months after birth. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis of independent variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Temperament latitude, type of feeding and duration of breastfeeding within 4 months after birth. Results: 737 children were included, all of which were included in the result analysis. Correlation analysis showed that the fitness of temperament dimension was positively correlated with the main feeding formula (r = 0.084, P = 0.030) within 4 months after birth, and the regularity and attentional divergence was negatively correlated with feeding only feeding (r = -0.087, -0.075, P (R = 0.084, -0.077, P = 0.030,0.045). The negative correlation was found between the avoidance and the main feeding of breast milk (r = - 0.097, P = 0.012). The regularity of temperament dimension, the nature of emotions and the activity level were negatively correlated with the duration of breastfeeding for 4-6 months (r = -0.082, -0.102, -0.153, P = 0.036,0.009, 0.001) Feeding duration> 9 months was positively correlated (r = 0.089, 0.088, P = 0.024, 0.025). After adjusting for family structure and parents’ level of education, the main influencing factors of fitness were milk powder. The factors affecting the response intensity were breastfeeding duration of 4 to 6 months and breastfeeding, and regularity of breast milk Feeding duration of 7 to 9 months and only feeding milk; activity level factors are the same amount of breast milk and milk powder and breastfeeding duration of 7 to 9 months; Emotional nature of the factors that affect only the feeding of milk and breastfeeding duration 7 ~ 9 months; avoidance of the factors that affect the main breastfeeding and breast milk and milk equivalent; attention to the factors that affect the dispersion is the main feeding of milk powder. Conclusion: The type of feeding and the duration of breastfeeding within 4 months after birth are related to the development of temperament in children aged 4-5 years. Breastfeeding should be fully considered in temperament culture and intervention.