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[目的]拟观察噪声对大鼠学习记忆及海马神经元的影响,探讨噪声对大鼠学习记忆的影响机制。[方法]将32只Wistar大鼠,随机分为噪声组和对照组,噪声组在80dB(A)噪声下持续暴露1个月,用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的空间学习记忆能力。HE染色和透射电镜观察大鼠海马神经元形态和超微结构。[结果]Morris水迷宫定航实验中,噪声组大鼠寻找平台的平均逃避潜伏期均较对照组明显延长(P﹤0.05);空间搜索实验中噪声组大鼠第一次寻找原平台的潜伏期、穿越原平台的次数、时间百分比以及距离百分比,均较对照组明显降低(P﹤0.01)。HE染色光镜下观察发现噪声组大鼠海马组织无明显异常,透射电镜下观察发现噪声组大鼠海马神经元超微结构也未见明显异常。[结论]噪声暴露对大鼠海马神经元无器质性损害。噪声暴露下大鼠学习记忆能力的损害可能只与海马神经元功能改变有关。
[Objective] To observe the effect of noise on learning and memory and hippocampal neurons in rats and explore the mechanism of noise on learning and memory in rats. [Methods] Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into noise group and control group. The noise group was exposed to noise of 80 dB (A) for 1 month. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability of rats. The morphology and ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. [Results] In the Morris water maze test, the mean escape latency of searching platform in noise group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P <0.05). In the spatial search experiment, the rats in the noisy group looked for the latency of the original platform for the first time, The number of crossing the original platform, the percentage of time and the percentage of distance were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.01). The HE staining showed that there was no obvious abnormality in the hippocampus of rats in noise group. The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in noisy rats was also found no obvious abnormality under the transmission electron microscope. [Conclusion] Noise exposure had no organic damage to hippocampal neurons in rats. Impairment of learning and memory in rats exposed to noise may be related only to changes in function of hippocampal neurons.