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墨洛温和加洛林时期法兰克王国的范本文书集中有很多涉及奴仆的文书。这些文书表明,自由人委身为奴和主人释放奴仆的现象同时存在,二者都是维持主仆关系和社会控制的手段,都体现了底层社会活跃的纵向流动;教会在奴隶制衰落过程中的作用甚微;奴仆的地位从墨洛温和加洛林时期至11世纪经历了缓慢、长期的变化过程,文书中不存在乔治·杜比等学者所说的发生于公元1000年前后的“封建革命”;将文书中的依附者明确区分为奴隶和农奴十分困难,含义较为宽泛的“奴仆”一词更契合文书语境的多样性。
There are many instruments dealing with servants in the model instruments of the Frankish Kingdom during the months of Milovin and Carolyn. These instruments show that the free human beings as slaves and masters of the release of slaves exist at the same time, both of which are means of maintaining the relationship between master and servant and of social control, all embodying the active vertical flow in the lower classes. In the decline of slavery, The role of the servant experienced a slow and long-term process of change from the days of Mylophang and Carolingian to the 11th century. There is no “feudalism” in the instruments that scholars such as George Dolby referred to before and after the year 1000 Revolution. “It is very difficult to define clearly the dependents in an instrument as slaves and serfs. The term” servant "is more in line with the diversity of the clerical context.