在过错侵权的完全赔偿原则之下,受害人的法益得到了较为充分的保护。为了在同等程度上保护侵权人的行动自由,应当考虑可预见性在限制损害赔偿范围中的作用。可预见性规则源于罗马法,后发展成为英美法系中一项成熟的法技术,我国《合同法》中采纳了此规则。在侵权法领域,可预见规则亦有甚为可观的实践价值。文本首先归纳了可预见性规则的一般性问题;然后论述了可预见性规则在侵权法领域三个层面的运用:因果关系、过错和损害赔偿数额的计算;随后扩展到侵权损害赔偿中基于可预见性的补充性制度,包括法官酌减损害赔偿数额的自由裁量权和配套保险制度;最后从侵权法社会效果的角度分析将可预见性规则引入侵权法的合理性。预见是预防的前提,以可预见性作为标准对过错侵权损害赔偿数额进行合理限缩,完成了风险的高效分配,也促使了潜在受害人和侵权人以最低成本进行损害预防,因而可预见性规则有助于侵权法多重价值的实现。 Under the principle of complete compensation for fault infringement, the legal interests of victims have been more fully protected. In order to protect infringers’ freedom of movement to the same extent, the role of predictability in limiting the scope of damages should be considered. The rules of foreseeability originated from the Roman law and later developed into a mature law technique in Anglo-American legal system. This rule was adopted in China’s Contract Law. In the field of tort law, predictable rules also have considerable practical value. The text first summarizes the general problems of predictability rules. Then it discusses the application of predictability rules in three aspects of tort law: the calculation of the causation, the fault and the amount of damages, and then extends to the compensation of damages based on the The foreseeable complementary system includes the judge discretionary damages and the matching insurance system. Finally, from the perspective of the social effects of tort law, it analyzes the rationality of introducing predictability rules into the tort law. Foresight is the precondition of prevention. Using the predictability as a standard, the amount of damages for fault infringement is reasonably limited, and the efficient allocation of risks is accomplished. It also prompts potential victims and infringers to make damage prevention at the lowest cost, so the predictability The rules contribute to the realization of multiple values ​​of tort law.