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Phy 是在长日照条件下抑制水稻开花的关键基因,但目前对水稻PhyB基因的遗传基础还不清楚,研究其分子遗传机制,对于培育光周期适应性广的品种以及扩大水稻种植区域具有重要意义。本研究选择78份亚洲栽培稻(34份籼稻和44份粳稻)及47份野生稻进行测序,对Phy B基因的核苷酸多态性、单倍型进行分析,计算籼稻、粳稻和野生稻的遗传多样性。结果表明,Phy B基因共有28个单倍型,其中有2个高频率的单倍型分别存在于2个栽培稻亚种中。从Network图可以看出栽培稻分为2组(A组和B组),A组栽培稻包括全部的籼稻和4个粳稻个体,B组栽培稻全是粳稻品种。亲缘地理学分析发现,A、B两组栽培稻具有明显不同的地理分布格局,且A组和B组开花时间差异显著,说明Phy B基因的2个高频率单倍型在2个栽培稻亚种中具有区域适应性,Phy B基因在栽培稻中具有明显的驯化信号,随着水稻种植区域的扩大,进化出适应不同地域特有的等位基因,导致开花时间对不同地区的区域适应性及多样性。
Phy is a key gene that inhibits rice flowering under long-day conditions. However, the genetic basis of the PhyB gene in rice remains unclear. Studying its molecular genetic mechanism is of great significance for cultivating varieties with wide photoperiod and widening rice planting areas . In this study, 78 Asian cultivated rice (34 indica rice and 44 japonica rice) and 47 wild rice species were sequenced. The nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of PhyB gene were analyzed, and the indica rice, japonica rice and wild rice Genetic diversity. The results showed that there are 28 haplotypes in PhyB gene, of which 2 high frequency haplotypes exist in 2 cultivated rice subspecies respectively. It can be seen from the Network map that cultivated rice is divided into two groups (Groups A and B), Group A cultivated rice includes all indica and four japonica individuals, and Group B cultivated rice is all japonica. Phylogeography analysis showed that the cultivated rice of A and B had distinct geographical distribution pattern, and the difference of flowering time between A and B was significant, which indicated that two high frequency haplotypes of Phy B gene were found in two cultivated rice Phylogenetic analysis showed that PhyB gene had obvious homeopathic signal in cultivated rice. With the expansion of rice planting area, it has evolved to adapt to different regional specific alleles, resulting in the adaptability of flowering time to different regions and Diversity.