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紧凑型小麦具有单茎占居空间小,叶片上冲,田间遮荫程度低和光能利用率高等特性,是超高产栽培的理想株型之一。 在河南的生态条件下,选育具有“突破性”超高产紧凑型高产、优质、多抗小麦新品种的模式为:半冬性至弱春性;中早熟,株高70～80cm,株型紧凑,分蘖力中等,成穗率高,茎杆粗壮、坚韧,根系发达,光合作用强,抗病,加工品质优良。具有广泛的适应性和抗逆性;以选育重穗刑的品种为主,兼顾中间类型;在现有500kg/667m~2群体结构的基础上,实现穗粒数和千粒重的同时增加;亩成穗35万左右,单穗重2.5g以上。 亩产600kg以上超高产栽培的要点:在培肥地力的前提下,适当缩小行距(或宽窄行)种植,增加播量,变过小群体为合适群体,这与以“扩大行距,减少播量,变过大群体为合理群体”为主要内容的小麦高产精播技术异曲同工,均是针对不同品种类型采取的切实可行的措施。
Compact wheat has the characteristics of a small stem space, leaves on the red, low field shade and high utilization of light energy, is one of the ideal plant type for super high yield cultivation. Under the ecological conditions of Henan, the mode of breeding “breakthrough” ultra-high-yield compact new high-yielding, high-quality and multi-resistant wheat was: semi-winter to weak spring; Compact, medium tillering ability, high spike rate, stalks thick, tough, developed roots, photosynthesis, disease resistance, processing quality. With a wide range of adaptability and resistance to stress; to breed heavy spike varieties dominated, taking into account the middle type; on the basis of the existing 500kg / 667m ~ 2 population structure, to achieve the same grain number and 1000-grain weight increase; Into 350,000 or so, a single spike weight 2.5g or more. The key points of super-high-yielding cultivation of more than 600kg per mu: under the prerequisite of fertilizing fertility, appropriately narrow the row spacing (or width and width row) planting, increase the sowing quantity and change the small groups into suitable groups, which is the same as “expanding spacing, , Change a large group as a reasonable group ”as the main content of high precision sowing technology similar to the same wheat, are for different types of types to take practical measures.