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近年来,在我国(苏联)及国外,供红外辐射能量特性研究的辐射仪器获得了很大发展。这是因为,一方面人们对红外光谱的研究开辟了广阔的前景,另一方面是由于红外技术,特别是辐射探测器的迅速发展。现在,辐射计在地质和地球物理学中用于发现和探查有用的矿藏,光谱辐射计用于气象卫星观测,热象仪用于医学中诊断肿瘤病,并用于国民经济的其他一些部门。辐射仪器通常都是按照绝对黑体(—下称黑体)的辐射来标定。选择哪一种标定方法首先取决于所研究的任务。如果标
In recent years, in our country (the Soviet Union) and abroad, radiation instruments for studying the energy characteristics of infrared radiation have gained great development. This is because, on the one hand, people have opened up broad prospects for the study of infrared spectroscopy, and on the other hand, the rapid development of infrared technology, especially radiation detectors. Radiometers are now used in geology and geophysics to discover and explore useful deposits, spectroradiometers for meteorological satellite observations, and thermometers to diagnose oncological diseases in medicine and to be used in other sectors of the national economy. Radiation instrumentation is usually based on absolute black body (hereinafter referred to as black body) radiation to be calibrated. Which calibration method to choose depends first on the task under study. If standard