Ⅰ. 在整个科学史中,化学键的性质亦即元素相互间结合的原因和机构的问题,曾长期地吸引着自然科学家与学者们的注意。哲学家安姆别德克尔(Эмпедокд)(公元前Ⅴ世纪)曾用常时公认的“四元素”(水,火,气,土)彼此化合时,与所“喜爱的”元素结合,不与所“厌恶的” I. Throughout the history of science, the nature of chemical bonds, that is, the causes and institutional problems that bind elements together, has long attracted the attention of natural scientists and scholars. The philosopher Эмпедокд (Ⅴ century BC) used the “four elements” (water, fire, gas, earth) commonly recognized in the past to combine with “favorite” elements and not And the “disgusting”