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水稻生产机械化是指在水稻生产中使用农业机械及技术,对水稻育种、育苗、整地、移栽、田间管理、收获、烘干及储运等项作业,全部实现机械化作业的一种新的水稻生产方式。主要包括机械化育种、机械化整地技术、机械化插秧技术、机械化施肥技术、机械化植保技术和稻谷机械化烘干技术等。水稻全程机械化的实现,标志着水稻生产的革命,它可以大大降低劳动者的劳动强度,减少劳动力的使用率,降低生产成本,提高时间利用率和生产效率,抢得宝贵的农时,提高水稻产量,促进农民增收,农场发展。黑龙江农垦存在全程机械化不平衡问题。如工厂化育秧不能全面展开,育苗时,摆秧盘、装土还得人工进行操作。还没有机械能够完成摆盘装土这项育秧工作。人工劳动强度大,人工操作可能造成秧盘厚度不均匀,秧盘外在尺寸不能达标,影响秧苗生长以及造成下一步机插时涨盘或空穴。在插秧作业时秧盘往本田中运送时虽然有运苗车,但对已经整好的地和沉淀好的本田进行破坏,加之有的本田泥脚过深造成育苗车不能通过,只能靠人工去挑苗,加大了劳动强度,降低了插秧机的效率。机械插秧技术较复杂,严重制约了水稻插秧机械化。有些插秧机技术不成熟,插秧时造成秧苗损伤。操作手熟练掌握机械技能差,造成作业标准下降。
Mechanization of rice production refers to the use of agricultural machinery and technology in rice production, rice breeding, nursery, land preparation, transplanting, field management, harvesting, drying and storage and transportation and other operations, all mechanized operation of a new type of rice production methods. Mainly include mechanized breeding, mechanized soil preparation technology, mechanized planting technology, mechanized fertilization technology, mechanized plant protection technology and rice mechanization drying technology. The full mechanization of rice symbolizes the revolution in rice production. It can greatly reduce the labor intensity of laborers, reduce the labor force utilization rate, reduce the production cost, increase the utilization rate of time and the production efficiency, and increase the output of rice when grabbing precious agricultural land , To promote farmer income, farm development. Heilongjiang Land Reclamation exists the entire mechanization imbalance problem. Such as plant breeding seedlings can not be fully launched, nursery, put transplanting tray, soil had to be manually operated. No machinery has been able to complete the plankton planting of the nursery. Artificial labor intensity, manual operation may result in uneven thickness of seedling tray, seedling tray external dimensions can not be achieved, affecting the growth of seedlings and causing the next machine when the plug or hole. In the transplanting operation when transplanting seedlings to Honda, although there are seedling transport vehicles, but the already good ground and precipitated Honda destruction, coupled with Honda muddy feet caused by too much seedling car can not pass, can only rely on artificial To pick Miao, increased labor intensity and reduce the efficiency of transplanter. Mechanical planting technology is more complicated, seriously restricting the rice transplanting mechanization. Some transplanter technology is immature, seedlings caused when transplanting damage. Operators mastery of poor mechanical skills, resulting in job standards.