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私有化是俄罗斯激进转轨的核心组成部分。石油工业的私有化是俄罗斯私有化的重要领域之一。与全俄私有化进程相比,油气工业的私有化是滞后的。俄罗斯石油工业的私有化原计划分两个阶段进行,于1995年完成。实际上,经济转轨以来俄罗斯石油天然气工业的私有化进程分为股份制改造、拍卖阶段和兼并重组阶段。本文分析了石油天然气工业的私有化的特点、成绩与主要问题及原因。作者特别指出经济转轨中能源体制改革应在政府主导下,制定一个与整个国家发展紧密相关的能源发展战略;能源工业市场化进程中,要顺应国情民意,把握好能源工业自身特点和现阶段国民经济发展态势,要因时因地制宜,制定本国的能源改革方案,逐步向前推进。
Privatization is at the core of Russia’s radical transition. Privatization of the oil industry is one of the important areas of privatization in Russia. Privatization of the oil and gas industry is lagging behind that of the privatization of the whole of Russia. Privatization of Russia’s oil industry was originally planned in two phases and completed in 1995. In fact, the process of privatization of Russia’s oil and gas industry since the economic transition is divided into shareholding reform, auction phase and merger and reorganization phase. This paper analyzes the privatization characteristics, achievements, main problems and causes of the oil and gas industry. In particular, the author points out that under the government’s leadership, the energy system reform in economic transition should be formulated with an energy development strategy closely related to the development of the entire country. In the process of marketization of energy industry, we should follow the national conditions and public opinion and grasp the characteristics of the energy industry and the current stage of national energy Economic development trend, because of local conditions, develop their own energy reform program, and gradually move forward.