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目的探讨不同病理分型大鼠心肌梗死模型左心室形态结构变化的超声表现。方法对48只SD大鼠实施开胸手术,其中41例结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)(实验组),7例假手术组仅打开心包膜。术后4周采用10~22MHz的宽高频超声测定左心室形态、结构和功能,并与病理结果进行比较分析。结果按照心肌梗死的轻、中、重度病理分类,不同梗死程度的左心室形态在二维超声显像中表现为短轴和长轴的不同变化;心肌梗死大鼠左心室内腔和肌壁的几何形态失真,表现为梗死部位即瘢痕组织部位肌壁薄、回声增强且不均匀;斑痕组织的部位、大小与病变程度相关,并与病理改变相一致。轻、中、重度心肌梗死模型心肌前壁均变薄,中度涉及侧壁,重度后壁亦有改变。随着心肌梗死程度的加重,左心室缩短分数逐渐下降。结论经胸宽高频超声心动图可以在大鼠心脏的短轴和长轴切面直接显示心肌梗死发生的部位、范围和程度,准确评价大鼠左心室形态结构和功能变化。
Objective To investigate the ultrastructural changes of left ventricular morphology in myocardial infarction model rats with different pathological types. Methods Forty - eight SD rats underwent thoracotomy, in which 41 cases were ligated with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (experimental group), and only 7 cases were sham operation group. Four weeks after operation, the morphology, structure and function of left ventricle were measured by wideband and high frequency ultrasound with a frequency of 10 ~ 22MHz, and compared with the pathological results. Results According to the mild, moderate and severe pathological classification of myocardial infarction, left ventricular morphology with different degrees of infarction showed different changes of short axis and long axis in two-dimensional echocardiography. Left ventricular cavity and muscular wall in myocardial infarction rats Geometric distortion, the performance of the infarct that scar tissue site thin muscle wall, echo enhancement and uneven; scar tissue location, size and severity of the disease, consistent with the pathological changes. Light, moderate and severe myocardial infarction model myocardial anterior thinning, moderate involvement of the lateral wall, severe posterior wall also have changed. As the degree of myocardial infarction aggravates, the shortening of left ventricular fraction decreases. Conclusion The transthoracic echocardiogram can directly display the location, extent and extent of myocardial infarction in the short axis and the long axis of the rat heart, and accurately evaluate the left ventricular morphology and function in rats.