论文部分内容阅读
[目的]了解电子废弃物处理区主要处理工艺类型与污染状况,探讨电子废弃物拆解产生的污染对拆解区居民及拆解从业者可能的健康损害。[方法]采用普查方法,选择浙江省某镇3个集中从事电子废弃物回收处理的自然村作为电子废弃物拆解A区,另选择1个从事电子废弃物拆解较少、经济状况可比的自然村作为B区,对756户共1 432人进行健康问卷调查。[结果]A区电子废弃物处理厂主要采取手工拆解工艺,对电路板、电线电缆等废弃物进行处理。A区与B区比较,15岁以上人群的疾病患病状况差异无统计学意义,而A区15岁以下儿童的贫血患病率明显较高。与无拆解史人群比较,有拆解工作史人群的高血压和冠心病患病率明显较高;而呼吸系统、神经系统和皮肤类疾病以及其他慢性疾病患病差异无统计学意义。[结论]电子废弃物污染对当地儿童健康有较大影响,对成人居民与从业者健康可能存在潜在危害。
[Objective] To understand the main processing technology and pollution status of EW disposal area and to discuss the possible health damage caused by the pollution caused by EWD dismantling residents and dismantling practitioners. [Method] With the method of census, three natural villages in Zhejiang Province, which are concentrated in the recycling of e-waste, were selected as the e-waste to disassemble area A and the other one was chosen as the natural village with less e-waste dismantling and comparable economic status As Area B, a total of 1 432 people in 756 households were surveyed. [Result] A zone electronic waste treatment plant mainly adopts manual disassembly process to dispose of waste such as circuit boards, wire and cable. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of disease among people over 15 years of age in A and B regions, but the prevalence of anemia in A children under 15 years old was significantly higher. The prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease was significantly higher in those with history of dismantling work compared with those without history of disassembly, while there was no significant difference in the prevalence of respiratory system, nervous system and skin diseases and other chronic diseases. [Conclusion] E-waste pollution has a great impact on local children’s health, which may potentially harm the health of adult residents and practitioners.