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目的:针对中国城市雾霾日益严重与青少年体质下降的严峻现实,借鉴环境健康风险评估的方法,探讨中国青少年环境健康暴露参数的现状及其要解决的迫切问题。方法:通过文献综述法对美国、加拿大、日本等国家的青少年环境健康评价中暴露参数的研究内容、测试指标及其方法进行对照。结果:本研究推荐将呼吸速率和活动模式作为空气污染风险评估的主要呼吸暴露参数,根据呼吸速率与体力活动的量变关系,提出体力活动是青少年环境健康风险评估的关键性呼吸暴露参数,其研究可基于污染物特定剂量-反应关系,通过对雾霾浓度的监测和人群暴露行为活动模式的调查,建立青少年体力活动时间-活动模式的剂量关系,用一定的风险评估模型预测出特定污染物下的体力活动安全运动强度、运动时间、运动形式的安全界值。结论:鉴于我国环境与健康风险评估中儿童暴露参数手册的缺失,尤其“时间-活动”模式的数据不足,迫切要求在我国开展儿童呼吸暴露参数的调查研究,制定不同环境污染级数的青少年体力活动指南。
OBJECTIVE: In view of the grim realities of smog and adolescent physical decline in Chinese cities, the current situation of environmental health exposure parameters of adolescents in China and the urgent problems to be solved are explored from the perspective of environmental health risk assessment. Methods: The research contents, test indexes and methods of exposure parameters in adolescent environmental health assessment in the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries were compared through literature review. Results: Based on the quantitative relationship between respiratory rate and physical activity, this study proposed that respiratory rate and activity pattern should be the main respiratory parameters of air pollution risk assessment. Based on the quantitative relationship between respiratory rate and physical activity, physical activity is the key respiratory exposure parameter of adolescent environmental health risk assessment. Based on the specific dose-response relationship of pollutants, the dose-time model of physical activity in adolescents can be established by monitoring the concentration of haze and the population exposure behavior patterns. The risk assessment model is used to predict the specific pollutants Physical activity Safe exercise intensity, exercise time, exercise form of safety cut-off value. CONCLUSION: In view of the lack of manual on children’s exposure parameter in environmental and health risk assessment of our country, especially the data of “time-activity” mode, it is urgent to carry out investigation and study of children’s respiratory exposure parameters in our country and to develop different levels of environmental pollution Youth physical activity guide.