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针对2205双相不锈钢在实际工业化生产中出现的锻造失效问题进行了研究。采用10 t EAF-AOD双联工艺冶炼2205双相不锈钢,浇注2支4.2 t钢锭。钢锭化学成分合格,表面质量良好,但在锻造开坯过程中,钢锭表面出现大量横向裂纹,导致锻件产品报废。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及能谱分析仪等,对2205双相不锈钢在锻造过程中出现的裂纹缺陷进行金相组织、截面形貌及能谱分析。结果表明:2205双相不锈钢锻造失效主要原因是,锻前加热过程中,在850℃进行了时效处理,析出大量σ脆性相,导致钢的塑韧性急剧下降,受到变形力作用后表面严重开裂;热加工过程中,2205双相不锈钢在600~1000℃温度范围内应快速升温,不宜做时效处理,避免σ相析出,恶化钢的力学性能。
2205 duplex stainless steel in the actual industrial production forging failure problems were studied. The 2205 duplex stainless steel is smelted by a 10 t EAF-AOD twin process and two 4.2 t ingots are cast. The chemical composition of steel ingot qualified, the surface quality is good, but in forging billet process, a large number of transverse cracks on the ingot surface, resulting in forgings scrapped. The microstructure, cross section morphology and energy spectrum of 2205 duplex stainless steel during the forging process were analyzed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analyzer. The results show that the main reason of 2205 duplex stainless steel forging failure is that during the heating process before forging, aging treatment is carried out at 850 ℃, a large amount of σ brittle phase precipitates, resulting in a sharp decrease in the plastic ductility of the steel. During thermal processing, 2205 duplex stainless steel should be rapidly heated in the temperature range of 600 ~ 1000 ℃, aging treatment should not be done to avoid σ phase precipitation, deteriorating the mechanical properties of steel.