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[目的]了解中学生的社会适应状况,探索影响中学生社会适应的相关因素,以期为预防中学生社会适应不良,制定早期干预措施和相关政策提供理论和事实依据。[方法]采用现况研究分层整群抽样的方法。2011年4月,在山东省随机抽取济南、青岛、潍坊、德州、聊城、菏泽市的初中、高中二年级和一年级城乡学生3 352名进行调查。[结果]调查中学生3 352人,总体社会适应功能很好或较好的占59.10%,一般的占37.60%,较差和很差的占3.30%;亲子关系亲密无间的占65.00%,家庭气氛轻松愉快的占65.70%,对学校管理很适应或适应的占85.50%,师生关系很好或较好的占55.50%,同学关系很好或较好的占75.20%,认为上学很快乐的占50.10%,遇到生活、学习中的困难或不愉快事件求助对象是父母或老师的占23.00%,社会或集体活动经常参加的占47.80%,社会功能很好或较好的占59.10%。[结论]山东省城乡中学生的社会适应能力较高。社会适应能力,城市学生高于农村学生,初中一年级学生最好,高二年级学生最低。
[Objective] To understand the condition of social adaptation of middle school students and to explore the relevant factors that affect the social adaptation of middle school students, in order to provide theoretical and factual basis for prevention of middle school students’ social adaptation and the formulation of early intervention and related policies. [Methods] The current study of stratified cluster sampling method. In April 2011, 3 352 students of junior and senior secondary and first grade urban and rural areas in Jinan, Qingdao, Weifang, Texas, Liaocheng and Heze were randomly selected for investigation in Shandong. [Results] The survey of 3 352 middle school students, the overall social adaptation function is good or better accounted for 59.10%, generally accounted for 37.60%, poor and poor accounted for 3.30%; 65.00% for the close parent-child relationship, family atmosphere Relaxed and happy accounted for 65.70%, 85.50% of the school management adapt or adapt, teacher-student relationship is good or better accounted for 55.50%, good or good relationship between students accounted for 75.20%, that school is very happy accounted for 50.10% of them have difficulties in living or learning, 23.00% of them seek assistance from parents or teachers, 47.80% of them have regular social or group activities, and 59.10% have good or good social functions. [Conclusion] The middle school students in urban and rural areas of Shandong Province have a higher social adaptability. Social adaptability, urban students than rural students, the best first-year junior high school, sophomore, the lowest.