一、引言地球动力学(geodynamics)是研究地球的动力学的科学。有些现今的动力现象,它们发生在地表一定区域并导致地质“灾害”,这些是地球动力学最感兴趣的对象。地球表面的动力学受制于两种过程:内力过程和外力过程,前者源于固体地球的内部,后者源于大气圈和水圈。这两种过程是彼此相反的:一般而言,内力过程力求形成各种构造(structures),而外力过程则对形成的构造加以破坏,这一事实可用对抗性原理(the Principle of Antagonism)来描述,这个原理是地球表面动力学的基本理论。通常人们认为内力过程是第一性的,它形成了山脉、抬升了高原并促使大陆漂移。内力 I. INTRODUCTION Geodynamics is a science that studies the dynamics of the earth. Some of today’s dynamic phenomena occur in certain areas of the Earth’s surface and lead to geological “disasters,” which are the objects of greatest interest to geodynamics. The dynamics of the Earth’s surface are governed by two processes: internal processes and external processes, the former originating from the interior of the solid earth and the latter from the atmosphere and hydrosphere. These two processes are the opposite of each other: in general, the forces of internal forces seek to create various structures, and the external force process destroys the formed structure, a fact that can be described by the Principle of Antagonism , This principle is the basic theory of the surface dynamics of the Earth. It is generally assumed that the internal force process is primary, forming mountains, uplifting the plateau and driving the continent to drift. Internal force