中国的经济体制改革已经到了何去何从的历史关头。此时此刻,最需要的不是纠缠支节问题,而是对业已形成、并发挥指导作用的改革基本思想作重新认识。首先我们看到,搞活企业、完善市场、转变政府职能、进而确立“国家调节市场、市场引导企业”的经济运行机制这个大思路,是以企业、国家、市场为经济体制要素的,个人并未被视为独立的要素,只是在“搞活企业”这个大前提下,才提出了发挥企业职工的积极性、主动性和创造性的问题。另一方面,在借鉴现代市场经济的经验时,我们往往局限于企业、市场和政府,对现代市场体制下个人的一般地位、作用缺乏系统的研究,因而改革理论中有关个人的内容十分贫乏。上述理论与实践的偏误,乃是改革陷入困境的基本原因。本文试图揭示,走出这种困境的可能选择是确立新的理论框架,即“公民本位论”。 China's economic restructuring has come to a historic juncture. At this moment, what is needed most is not the issue of entangling the branches, but a re-understanding of the basic idea of ​​reform that has been formed and played a guiding role. First of all, we see that the big idea of ​​invigorating business, improving the market, changing the functions of the government, and establishing the economic operation mechanism of “regulating the market by the market and guiding the enterprises by the market” is based on the elements of the enterprise, the state and the market as the economic system, but not the individual It is only on the premise of “invigorating the enterprise” that it is regarded as an independent factor and only put forward the issue of giving play to the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the enterprise staff. On the other hand, when we learn from the experience of the modern market economy, we tend to be limited to enterprises, markets and governments. We lack systematic research on the general status and role of individuals in the modern market system. Therefore, the content of individuals concerned in the reform theory is very poor. The above-mentioned errors in theory and practice are the basic reasons why the reform is in trouble. This article attempts to reveal that the possible choice to get out of this dilemma is to establish a new theoretical framework, namely “citizen-based theory.”