阿德库克和科利尔认为,研究者们经常困扰于如何将概念与事实联系起来。这就引发了所谓的“效度”(validity)问题——我所观察到的事实、概念的操作化或者所用的案例是否能够反映我所用的概念?阿德库克和科利尔讨论了这一问题的意义,并寻求去回答它,并在最后提出了一个能够同时应用于质性与量化研究的方法论标准。 Adekuk and Collier argue that researchers often have troubled how concepts are related to facts. This triggers the so-called “validity” question - the facts I observed, the operationalization of the concept, or the case used to reflect the concepts I use? Adecco and Collier discuss The significance of this question, and seek to answer it, and finally proposed a methodology that can be applied to both qualitative and quantitative research standards.