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近代认识论中的“感性确定性”批判及感性世界问题,构成了马克思哲学革命的必要理论前提和思想路径。马克思对感性世界进行了存在论分析,区分出感性世界的不同存在层次,即感性直观、感性对象与感性活动,由此提出了一种基于科学实践观的感性世界观。马克思将特定认识论问题转化为社会历史存在论,并进一步深化和发展为拜物教批判、资本统治批判。在《资本论》中,马克思的感性世界观深化为一种关于资本主义社会普遍物化结构的世界观,从而在理论范式、问题意识和思想视域层面超越了西方近代哲学。
The “perceptual certainty” in modern epistemology and the problem of perceptual world constitute the necessary theoretical prerequisite and ideological path for Marx’s philosophical revolution. Marx conducts an ontological analysis of the world of sensibilities and distinguishes the different levels of the world of sensuality, namely sensual intuition, sensual objects and sensual activities, thus proposing a perceptual world outlook based on the concept of scientific practice. Marx transforms the epistemological theory into epistemological social history and further deepens and develops into the critique of fetishism and capitalism. In “Capital Theory”, Marx’s perceptual world outlook deepens into a world outlook on the universally materialized structure of capitalist society, surpassing Western modern philosophy from the perspective of theoretical paradigm, problem awareness and thinking.