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目的了解射线对放射工作人员的遗传损害,为放射防护工作提供技术依据。方法对廊坊市1365名放射工作人员采用微量全血常规培养法制备外周血淋巴细胞微核标本,观察并记录微核,对结果进行统计分析。结果 1365名放射工作人员,共检出微核621个,检出率为0.45‰;391人有微核检出,阳性率28.6%;有57人微核超过3‰,超标率4.2%。随工龄增长,放射工作人员微核检出率、阳性率、超标率均有上升趋势(χ~2=59.874、10.045、15.017,P<0.01);不同单位放射工作人员在淋巴细胞微核检出率、阳性率、超标率上均不同(χ~2=41.385、43.448、11.857,P<0.01);不同工种放射工作人员在淋巴细胞微核检出率、阳性率上存在差异(χ~2=19.928、23.539,P<0.01)。结论长期低剂量职业照射会对放射工作人员造成一定的遗传损害,应以乡镇医院及其它医疗单位、工业探伤企业为重点,加强放射防护工作。
Objective To understand the genetic damage caused by radiation to radiation workers and provide technical basis for radiation protection. Methods A total of 1365 radioactive workers in Langfang City were used to prepare micronuclei samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes by micro-blood routine culture method. Micronuclei were observed and recorded, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 621 micronuclei were detected in 1365 radiation workers. The detection rate was 0.45 ‰. Micronuclei were detected in 391 of them, with a positive rate of 28.6%. Fifty-seven micronuclei were over 3 ‰, with an over-standard rate of 4.2%. With the increase of seniority, the detection rate of micronuclei, the positive rate and the rate of excessive rate of radioactive workers were all increased (χ ~ 2 = 59.874,10.045,15.017, P <0.01). The radiation workers in different units were detected by micronuclei in lymphocytes (Χ ~ 2 = 41.385, 43.448, 11.857, P <0.01). There was a significant difference in the detection rate and positive rate of lymphocyte micronuclei among different working staff (χ ~ 2 = 19.928, 23.539, P <0.01). Conclusion Long-term, low-dose occupational exposure may cause some genetic damage to radiation workers. Radiation protection should be strengthened by focusing on township hospitals, other medical units and industrial testing enterprises.