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单光子探测器和时间相关单光子计数技术(TCSPC)被广泛运用于脉冲式激光测距及三维成像系统中。分析影响探测精度的因素有助于提高测距系统的性能。为此,建立了基于TCSPC单光子测距系统的理论模型,讨论分析了影响测距系统测量精度的因素,主要包括激光脉冲强度和回波信号统计波形的脉宽,其中后者由激光脉宽和探测器的时间抖动决定。并且利用蒙特卡洛法对测距系统的探测过程进行仿真,得到了上述因素对测量精度的具体影响情况。最后搭建了单光子测距的实验室实验系统,经过实验在10 m处的测量精度达到4 mm,对相同参数下的仿真结果进行了验证。
Single-photon detectors and time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) are widely used in pulsed laser ranging and 3D imaging systems. Analyzing the factors that affect the detection accuracy helps to improve the performance of the ranging system. Therefore, a theoretical model based on TCSPC single-photon ranging system is established, and the factors influencing the measurement accuracy of the ranging system are analyzed and discussed. The main factors include the laser pulse intensity and the pulse width of the echo waveform, and the latter is determined by the laser pulse width And detector time jitter decision. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the detection process of the ranging system, and the specific influence of the above factors on the measurement accuracy was obtained. Finally, a single-photon ranging experimental system was set up. After the experiment, the measurement accuracy was 4 mm at 10 m, and the simulation results under the same parameters were verified.