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目的通过铁路客运专线高速动车组主流车型车内环境品质测试和旅客乘车感受评估,提出建立我国高速动车组车内环境标准基本依据。方法于2013年选择京沪、武广客运专线5种车型13个车次列车,在冬、夏季高峰客流时段测试车厢内微小气候、空气品质、噪声、振动、照明等指标,并对6 210名旅客乘车感受进行调查。结果冬季车厢内温度为14.2~26.1℃,相对湿度为10.0%~62.6%,旅客感觉温度偏高的占15.0%,空气干燥的占18.6%;夏季车厢内温度为22.6~32.2℃,旅客感觉温度偏低的占16.0%。13个车次列车车厢内CO2浓度均值为0.08%~0.24%,总挥发性有机物(TVOC)为0.32~3.25 mg/m3,甲醛为0.007~0.047 mg/m3,NH3为0.002~0.26 mg/m3,PM10为0.01~0.31 mg/m3,细菌总数为18~2 986CFU/m3,负离子浓度为70~650 N/cm3。车厢内主要污染物为CO2和TVOC,夏季超标率分别为74.6%和74.4%,冬季超标率分别为62.0%和55.9%。旅客感觉车厢内空气不清新的占36.0%,有异臭味的占39.5%。13个车次列车车厢内噪声均值为62.8~73.1 d B(A),旅客感觉吵的占54.8%。13个车次列车车厢内坐位振动加速度矢量和(av Tv)均值为0.10~0.59 m/s2,旅客感觉很大振动的占8.9%。不同座席车厢内照度均值为257.63~325.71 lx。结论建议冬季车厢内适宜温度:北方线路22~24℃,南方线路19~22℃;夏季:北方线路25~27℃,南方线路26~28℃;适宜湿度为35%~65%。空气品质应重点控制CO2和TVOC污染,加强新风量供应,车厢内CO2≤0.15%、TVOC≤0.8 mg/m3、CO≤5 mg/m3,甲醛、NH3、PM10、细菌总数可以执行GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》。噪声以一等车≤68 d B(A),二等车、餐车≤70 d B(A)为宜。车厢内振动标准建议awx和awy≤0.38 m/s2、awz≤0.50 m/s2、av Tv≤0.9 m/s2,车厢内照明标准可提高至150~200 lx。
Objective To evaluate the environmental quality of the mainstream vehicles in passenger locomotives of high-speed railway passenger hotline and the evaluation of passengers’ ride experience, and to put forward the basic basis for establishing the environmental standards for the high-speed EMUs in China. Methods A total of 13 train trips of 5 models of Beijing-Shanghai and Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated lines were conducted in 2013 to test the microclimate, air quality, noise, vibration and lighting in passenger compartments in winter and summer peak passenger flow periods. A total of 6 210 passengers Ride experience to investigate. Results The temperature in winter was 14.2 ~ 26.1 ℃ and the relative humidity was 10.0% ~ 62.6%. The passengers felt the high temperature accounted for 15.0% and the air was dry accounted for 18.6%. The temperature in summer was 22.6 ~ 32.2 ℃, and the passenger feeling temperature Low accounted for 16.0%. The average concentration of CO2 in train cars was 0.08% -0.24% in 13 train trips, TVOC 0.32-3.25 mg / m3, formaldehyde 0.007-0.047 mg / m3, NH3 0.002-0.26 mg / m3, PM10 0.01 ~ 0.31 mg / m3, the total number of bacteria was 18 ~ 2 986CFU / m3, the negative ion concentration was 70 ~ 650 N / cm3. The main pollutants in the compartment were CO2 and TVOC. The over-standard rates in summer were 74.6% and 74.4% respectively. The over-standard rates in winter were 62.0% and 55.9% respectively. Passengers feel the air inside the car is not fresh accounted for 36.0%, 39.5% have different odor. The average noise level of train trains in 13 train trips was 62.8-73.1 d B (A), with passengers feeling noisy at 54.8%. The mean value of avv (vvv) and vvv (vvv) of train occupancy in the 13 train trips was 0.10-0.59 m / s2, with 8.9% of passengers feeling very much vibrated. Different seats inside the vehicle illumination average 257.63 ~ 325.71 lx. Conclusions It is suggested that the suitable temperature should be in winter: 22 ~ 24 ℃ in the north and 19 ~ 22 ℃ in the south. Summer: 25 ~ 27 ℃ in the north and 26 ~ 28 ℃ in the south. Suitable humidity is 35% ~ 65%. Air quality should focus on the control of CO2 and TVOC pollution, strengthen the supply of fresh air, the car CO2 ≤ 0.15%, TVOC ≤ 0.8 mg / m3, CO ≤ 5 mg / m3, formaldehyde, NH3, PM10, bacteria can perform GB / T 18883 -2002 “Indoor Air Quality Standards.” Noise is less than first-class car ≤ 68 d B (A), second-class car, dining car ≤ 70 d B (A) is appropriate. Cabin vibration standard recommendations awx and awy≤0.38 m / s2, awz≤0.50 m / s2, av Tv≤0.9 m / s2, interior lighting standards can be increased to 150 ~ 200 lx.