从1952年起,异烟肼(INH)作为一种抗结核药在临床上广泛应用,其消化道吸收完全,易渗入肺组织和脑脊液,对各期结核病灶中的结核杆菌均有杀灭作用(可同时作用于细胞内外的结核杆菌),并可增强其它抗结核药物的抗菌效力。INH在肝内被乙酰化和羟化,然后经尿液排出,不同个体乙酰化的速率有较大差异。近年来国外多从遗传药理学角度对INH及其乙酸化进行广泛研究。本文试对INH的乙酰化分型及其个体和种族差异与临床治疗及INH毒、副作用的关系作一综述。一、INH乙酰化及其分型 INH自人体排泄的速率取决于它在肝内乙酰化的速率,乙酰化速率的型别可由口服INH后6小时 Since 1952, isoniazid (INH) has been widely used clinically as an anti-TB drug. Its intact digestive tract can easily penetrate into the lung tissue and cerebrospinal fluid and kill all the tubercle bacilli in all stages of TB. (Which can act on both intracellular and intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of other anti-TB drugs. INH is acetylated and hydroxylated in the liver, and then excreted through the urine, the rate of acetylation of different individuals are quite different. In recent years, many foreign countries from the perspective of genetic pharmacology INH and its extensive study of acetic acid. This article attempts to review the relationship between INH acetylation type, individual and ethnic differences, clinical treatment and INH toxicity and side effects. First, the INH acetylation and its classification INH from the body excretion rate depends on its rate of intrahepatic acetylation, acetylation rate of type by INH after 6 hours