把计划与市场相结合问题比作经济学中的“哥德巴赫猜想”,或称之谓经济学中的“老、大、难”问题,不是没有道理的,因为它已是一个世界性的问题。近百年来,不论是资本主义国家还是社会主义国家,都在探讨这个问题,但至今还没有一个国家可以说真正找到了结合的答案。就我国来讲,对计划与市场两者关系的认识,四十多年来经历了完全对立、可以统一和对立统一三个阶段。如果将计划与市场的关系停留在超越客观经济条件的探讨,确实很难找到结合的答案。如果将它置于具体的社会经济条件下研究,还是可以找到答案的。一、区别两种不同类型的计划与市场相结合 It is not unreasonable to compare the issue of planning with the market to the “Goldbach conjecture” in economics, or “old, big and difficult” in economics, for it is already a cosmopolitan problem. In the past century, neither the capitalist countries nor the socialist countries have explored this issue, but so far no single country can really find a combined answer. As far as our country is concerned, our understanding of the relationship between the plan and the market has undergone three phases of complete opposition, unification and opposites over the past 40 years. If the relationship between the plan and the market stays beyond the objective economic conditions, it is indeed difficult to find a combination of answers. If you put it under the specific conditions of socio-economic research, still can find the answer. First, the difference between two different types of programs and market combination