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目的探讨肾移植术后康复期医院感染的危险因素并提出防范对策。方法对１７８例肾移植术后康复期患者的临床资料进行回顾性调查。结果排斥反应、白细胞减少、低白蛋白血症、ＣＳＡ中毒、肝功能受损和陪护感染为本组病例医院感染的高度危险因素（Ｐ＜０．０１），住院时间长、贫血、血糖高、ＩｇＧ下降、病室空气污染和曾应用抗生素是医院感染的危险因素（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论针对危险因素、采取切实有效的防范措施、以降低肾移植术后的医院感染发生率。
Objective To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection in convalescent patients after renal transplantation and to provide preventive measures. Methods Retrospective investigation was performed on the clinical data of 178 cases of post-renal allograft rehabilitation. Results Rejection, leukopenia, hypoalbuminemia, CSA poisoning, impaired liver function and accompanying infection were the high risk factors of nosocomial infection (P <0.01), hospital stay, anemia, hyperglycemia, Decreased IgG, air pollution in the ward and antibiotics used were risk factors of nosocomial infection (P <0.05). Conclusion For risk factors, effective prevention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections after renal transplantation.