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本文对月保证率设定法进行改进,不仅考虑了不同保证率年份河流生态需水的差异,而且对不同的生态需水推荐流量等级进行了区分。随后采用改进月保证率设定法研究了青海湖流域的河流生态需水特征,结果表明:布哈河和沙柳河径流量的年际变化幅度较大,但增加或减少趋势不明显,夏季径流量年际波动最为明显,而径流量年内分布均呈单峰变化态型,峰值都出现在7月-8月份;伴随着保证率的降低,河流生态需水量不断增加,而且需水等级越高、增加幅度越大,同时不同保证率年份河流逐月生态需水呈现不同的变化规律;平水年(P=50%)青海湖流域两条主要河流布哈河和沙柳河适宜的生态需水量分别为2.18亿m3、1.36亿m3,枯水年(P=90%)二者分别为1.16亿m3和0.70亿m3。
In this paper, the method of setting monthly guarantee rate is improved, which not only considers the difference of ecological water demand of rivers with different guaranteed rates, but also makes a distinction between different recommended flow levels of ecological water demand. Subsequently, the improved monthly guaranteed rate method was used to study the characteristics of ecological water demand of rivers in Qinghai Lake Basin. The results show that the interannual variation of runoff in the Buha River and the Salix River is larger but the increasing or decreasing trend is not obvious. The summer runoff During the year, the distribution of runoff fluctuated unimodal with the peak value appeared in July-August. With the decrease of guarantee rate, the ecological water demand of rivers increased continuously, and the water requirement level was higher, The ecological water requirement of Buha River and Shaliu River in the two major rivers in Qinghai Lake Basin in flat water year (P = 50%) was 2.18 100 million cubic meters, 1.36 billion cubic meters, and dry years (P = 90%) are 116 million m3 and 70 million m3 respectively.