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目的:揭示铁皮石斛优良种源杂交F_1代苗期多糖与生物碱含量变异规律,早期选择F_1代优良家系。方法:利用4个种源26个优良亲本设计得到26个交配组合,用苯酚-硫酸法与酸性染料比色法分别测定F_1代苗期总多糖与总生物碱含量,结合前期农艺性状研究结果,运用相关性分析和聚类分析方法筛选优良家系。结果:不同交配组合间多糖与生物碱含量差异极显著(P<0.01),半同胞家系间多糖含量差异显著(P<0.05),生物碱含量差异不显著,全同胞家系内多糖与生物碱变异显著小于半同胞家系;铁皮石斛苗期叶片数量与多糖含量,叶长宽比、根冠比与生物碱含量呈显著正相关关系;26个交配组合划分为5个类群,其中类群Ⅱ植株综合性状表现较好。结论:铁皮石斛F_1代优良家系选择时,应同时重视父母本的选择,在全同胞家系间选择比半同胞家系能获得更好的遗传增益与家系内稳定性;结合前期农艺性状成果,筛选出6个苗期优良家系(66×9,68×2,91×69,66×65,69×91,66×17),表现出苗高,茎粗且分枝少,叶片大而狭长,根系较发达,多糖含量高等特点,为后期选择奠定了基础。
OBJECTIVE: To reveal the variation of polysaccharide and alkaloid content in F_1 generation seedlings of excellent Dendrobium candidum hybrids. Methods: Twenty-six mating combinations were designed by using 26 elite parents from 4 provenances. The content of total polysaccharide and total alkaloids in F_1 generation were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and acid dye colorimetry respectively. According to the results of agronomic traits research, Use correlation analysis and cluster analysis to screen elite families. Results: There were significant differences in the content of polysaccharides and alkaloids between different mating combinations (P <0.01), the content of polysaccharide in half-sib families was significantly different (P <0.05), the content of alkaloids was not significantly different, Significantly less than that of the half-sib families; the number of leaves of Dendrobium candidum was significantly and positively correlated with polysaccharide content, leaf aspect ratio, root-shoot ratio and alkaloid content; 26 mating combinations were divided into five groups, it is good. Conclusion: The selection of excellent families in F_1 generation of Dendrobium candidum should pay attention to the selection of parents at the same time, and select better genetic gain and stability within the family than the half-sib families in all-sib families. Based on the results of agronomic traits in early stage, 6 excellent seedlings (66 × 9,68 × 2,91 × 69,66 × 65,69 × 91,66 × 17), showing seedling height, stem diameter and less branches, leaves large and narrow, more root system Developed, high polysaccharide content, laid the foundation for the later selection.