Lead ion(Pb2+)is one of the most hazardous heavy metal ions in aquatic environments.Carbon materials and manganese dio-xide(MnO2)have been shown to be prospective adsorbents to cope with the lead pollution.In this study,a novel hollow carbon@MnO2 composite nanofiber adsorbent was prepared by the combi-nation of electrospinning and carbonization.The PAN nanofiber membrane is subjected to a pre-oxidation and carbonization process,and then the obtained carbon nanofibers react with KMnO4 solution during the hydrothermal process to develop the hollow carbon@MnO2 nanofibers.The hollow carbon@MnO2 nanofibers displayed a higher adsorption capacity of Pb2+than carbon and MnO2/PDA/PAN nanofibers.The maximum adsorption capacity to-ward Pb2+by hollow carbon@MnO2 nanofibers was 460.83 mg/g.After 5 adsorption-desorption cycles,the carbon@MnO2 nanofibers had a good recyclability and the removal efficiency remained 81.47％.Moreover,the removal efficiency of the hollow composite nano-fibers for Pb2+from real wastewater could reach 94.37％.This work shows a strategy for synthetics of the hollow carbon@MnO2 nano-fibers,which exhibits a promising potential in actual wastewater treatment.