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60年代出于冷战的需要,原苏联决定建造新型航空母舰并配以新一代舰载作战飞机,以提高海军的战斗力。新一代舰载飞机由雅科夫列夫设计局负责设计,涅瓦设计局负责设计新航母。 1966年3月,第一架雅克-36垂直起降飞机的试验样机完成首次垂直起降飞行。1967年底,开始以其为基础制造雅克-36M轻型舰载攻击机。1972年2月,其试验样机完成首次垂直起降飞行。在成功推出雅克-36型亚音速攻击机之后,雅科夫列夫设计局又奉命研制超音速垂直起降战斗机。
In the 1960s, due to the needs of the Cold War, the former Soviet Union decided to build a new aircraft carrier and be equipped with a new generation of carrier-based combat aircraft to enhance the combat effectiveness of the Navy. A new generation of carrier-based aircraft designed by the Yakovlev Design Bureau, Neva Design Bureau responsible for the design of the new aircraft carrier. In March 1966, the first prototype aircraft of the Jacques-36 VTOL aircraft completed its first vertical takeoff and landing flight. By the end of 1967, began to build on its basis Jacques -36M light carrier-based attack aircraft. In February 1972, the pilot prototype completed the first vertical takeoff and landing flight. Following the successful launch of the Jacques-36 subsonic attack aircraft, the Yakovlev Design Bureau was also instructed to develop a supersonic vertical take-off and landing fighter.