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[目的]掌握当前上海市各主要类型X射线诊断检查的剂量水平。[方法]根据X射线诊断设备种类、应用发展趋势及医院级别的差异,分别抽查约3%的普通X射线机和约25%的计算机X射线摄影、数字化X射线摄影以及X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT)机,通过布放热释光剂量计测量成年人在不同检查方式和体位的入射体表剂量;利用标准的X-CT剂量模体和电离室测量不同扫描条件下的CT剂量指数,进而估算受检者的有效剂量。[结果]X射线摄影所致受检者的入射体表剂量平均值的变化范围为0.13～4.35mGy,其中手部摄影最低、腰椎侧位摄影最高。胸部透视时胸部表面的平均剂量为3.79mGy。胆囊和尿路造影以及上消化道钡餐和钡灌肠检查的受检者上腹部体表的平均剂量最大,分别为30.24、30.97、25.28、23.02mGy;消化道钡餐检查时胸部体表的平均剂量为24.27mGy,钡灌肠检查时下腹部体表的平均剂量为21.62mGy。头部X-CT扫描时受检者的平均有效剂量为(0.58±0.22)mSv,体部X-CT扫描时受检者的平均有效剂量为(5.18±1.92)mSv。[结论]较全面地得到了当前上海市主要类型X射线诊断所致受检者的剂量水平,可为推动进一步完善X射线诊断的医疗照射指导(参考)水平和加强受检者防护提供重要资料。
[Objective] To master the dose levels of the major types of X-ray diagnostic tests in Shanghai. [Methods] According to the types of X-ray diagnostic equipment, the trend of application and the difference of hospital grade, we randomly selected about 3% of ordinary X-ray machines and about 25% of computer X-ray photography, digital X-ray photography and X-ray computed tomography -CT) machine, through the release of thermoluminescence dosimetry adult adults in different examination methods and positions of the incoming body surface dose; using standard X-CT dose motif and ionization chamber under different scanning conditions CT dose index, Then estimate the effective dose of the subject. [Results] The mean value of body surface dose of X-ray photography was 0.13 ~ 4.35mGy, of which the lowest was hand photography and the highest was lateral photography. The average dose on the chest surface for chest fluoroscopy was 3.79 mGy. Gallbladder and urography, as well as upper gastrointestinal barium and barium enema examination of the subjects on the abdomen, the average average body surface dose were 30.24,30.97,25.28,23.02mGy; barium meal digestive tract examination of the average body surface dose was 24.27mGy, Barium enema examination of the lower abdomen when the average body surface dose of 21.62mGy. The average effective dose of the X-CT scan was (0.58 ± 0.22) mSv and the average effective dose of the X-CT scan was (5.18 ± 1.92) mSv. [Conclusion] The comprehensively obtained the dose level of the subjects caused by X-ray diagnosis of major types in Shanghai can provide important information for further improving the level of medical irradiation guidance (reference) for X-ray diagnosis and enhancing the protection of subjects .