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在甘肃省石羊河流域绿洲灌区,研究了不同灌溉量(常规灌溉327 mm、节水20%灌溉261 mm和节水40%灌溉196 mm)和施氮量(0、140、221 kg·hm-2和300 kg·hm-2)对留茬免耕春小麦籽粒产量、秸秆产量、收获指数、水分利用效率和氮素表观利用效率的影响。结果表明,在各施氮处理中,春小麦籽粒产量、秸秆产量、收获指数随灌溉量增加而增加,水分利用效率和氮素利用效率随灌溉量增加先增加后降低。节水20%灌溉的水分利用效率和氮素表观利用效率最高。就各灌溉水平平均值而言,当施氮达到221 kg·hm-2,春小麦籽粒产量(6365kg·hm-2)、收获指数(0.49)、水分利用效率(14.51 kg·mm-1.hm-2)和氮素表观利用效率(21.8%)达到最大值。在与该试验条件相似地区,综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮素表观利用效率,节水20%灌溉和221kg·hm-2施氮量为最优组合。
In the oasis irrigation area of Shiyang River Basin in Gansu Province, the effects of different irrigation amount (conventional irrigation 327 mm, water saving 20% irrigation 261 mm and water saving 40% irrigation 196 mm) and nitrogen application rate (0,140,221 kg · hm -2 and 300 kg · hm-2) on grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, water use efficiency and apparent nitrogen use efficiency of stubble-free spring wheat. The results showed that the grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of spring wheat increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and the water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. Water-saving 20% irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen apparent utilization efficiency of the highest. For each irrigation level average, grain yield (6365 kg · hm-2), harvest index (0.49), water use efficiency (14.51 kg · mm-1.hm- 2) and apparent nitrogen use efficiency (21.8%) reached the maximum value. In the area similar to the experimental conditions, grain yield, water use efficiency and apparent nitrogen use efficiency were taken into account. Water saving 20% irrigation and 221 kg · hm-2 nitrogen application were the optimal combinations.