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基因工程抗体技术的发展加速了单链抗体的应用,但其稳定性差,亲和力低,功能单一,体内清除过快等特点影响了它的广泛应用。双价抗体作为一种新型小分子抗体,具有双价的结合位点,能够使抗原分子上的两个表位交联或使两个分子连接,可以模拟完整的单克隆抗体的抗原抗体反应,其构建方法有亮氨酸拉链法、利用部分抗体恒定区法、连接肽法、利用双聚化结构法、knobs into holes技术等,在乳腺癌、直肠癌、淋巴瘤等的诊治方面均有很好的应用价值。
The development of genetically engineered antibody technology has accelerated the application of single chain antibody, but its poor stability, low affinity, single function and rapid elimination of the body affect its wide application. As a new type of small molecule antibody, bivalent antibody has a bivalent binding site, which can cross-link two epitopes on the antigen molecule or connect two molecules to mimic the antigen-antibody reaction of the intact monoclonal antibody. Its construction methods include leucine zipper method, partial antibody constant region method, linker peptide method, double-stranded structure method, knobs into holes technique and the like, which are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, rectal cancer and lymphoma Good application value.