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目的了解健康教育前后小学生麻疹相关知识和行为改变情况,为制定防制麻疹健康教育策略提供依据。方法随机整群抽取慈溪市10个镇五年级学生956名,进行学校麻疹健康教育干预活动。依照浙江省统一的麻疹核心信息编写调查问卷,并在干预前与干预后分别对调查对象进行问卷调查。结果学生麻疹防治基本知识知晓率由干预前的57.60%上升到干预后的72.23%,除“感染麻疹平均潜伏期”的认知外,干预前后基本知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);公立学校学生和民工子弟学校学生麻疹防治知识知晓率分别为73.49%及70.88%,预防麻疹行为的知晓率分别为84.41%及80.78%;干预后,学生预防麻疹措施行为形成率提高至82.72%,麻疹疫苗接种率达94.67%,经常洗手率达80.86%。学生主动学习麻疹防治知识由干预前的73.12%上升至81.28%。民工子弟学校学生学习主动性干预前与干预后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论健康教育是防制麻疹的有效手段和措施。
Objective To understand the knowledge and behaviors of measles related to pupils before and after health education and to provide evidence for the development of measles health education strategies. Methods A total of 956 fifth graders from 10 towns in Cixi City were randomly selected for cluster health education interventions. In accordance with the unified core information of measles in Zhejiang Province, a questionnaire was prepared, and the questionnaires were respectively investigated before and after the intervention. Results The awareness rate of basic knowledge about measles prevention and control increased from 57.60% before intervention to 72.23% after intervention. There were significant differences in awareness of basic knowledge before and after intervention except for the “latent latency of measles infection” (P 0.01). The awareness rate of measles prevention and control among public school students and migrant children school students was 73.49% and 70.88% respectively, and the awareness rate of measles prevention was 84.41% and 80.78% respectively. After the intervention, the preventive measures against measles were formed The rate was increased to 82.72%. The measles vaccination rate reached 94.67% and the rate of frequent handwashing reached 80.86%. The knowledge of active learning measles prevention and control increased from 73.12% before intervention to 81.28%. There was a significant difference in learning initiative of migrant children school students before and after intervention (P <0.01). Conclusion Health education is an effective measure and measure to prevent measles.