目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发自发性气胸的特点及诊疗方案。方法:回顾性分析49例慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发自发性气胸患者的临床资料。结果:治愈44例(89.8%),死亡2例(4.1%)。结论:慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发自发性气胸起病隐匿,病情发展迅速,常导致肺容积缩小、肺活量减低、最大通气量降低的限制性通气功能障碍。尽早诊断和及时治疗,可降低病死率。 Objective: To investigate the characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods: The clinical data of 49 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 44 cases (89.8%) were cured and 2 died (4.1%). Conclusion: Obstructive onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax and rapid progression of the disease often result in restrictive ventilatory dysfunction with reduced lung volume, reduced vital capacity and decreased maximum ventilation. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce mortality.