长期以来,公务员对上级的违法命令是否必须服从,存在一个两难的困境:一方面,公务员制度是一个等级分明的层级结构,下级服从上级是这一制度的基本组织原则。但另一方面,公务员又应当是法律的忠实执行者,在法治原则下,严格遵守法律是公务员的职责,这一职责又不允许公务员服从上级 For a long time, civil servants have to obey the order of illegitimate superiors. There is a dilemma: on the one hand, the civil servant system is a well-structured hierarchical structure, and the lower-level obeying the higher authorities is the basic organizing principle of this system. On the other hand, civil servants should be faithful performers in the law. Under the rule of law, it is civil servants' responsibility to strictly abide by the law. This duty does not allow civil servants to obey their superiors