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保险法重要事实的实质是:该事实影响到保险人对风险的推测。重要事实的表现形式是:该事实的出现能够导致保险人拒绝承保或者以更高的保费承保。判断事实是否重要的主体标准是“谨慎保险人”标准,即在同一时间和同一市场上具有一般知识水平和预见能力的保险人。在事实对谨慎保险人影响的问题上,英美法系采取“考虑标准”。同时,为了消除采用“考虑标准”对被保险人带来的不利影响,英美法系发展出“诱因”规则,以限制保险人的拒赔行为。符合纯事实因素、主体标准以及因果联系,构成英美保险法上的重要事实。
The essence of insurance law important fact is: This fact affects the insurer’s speculation of risk. An important fact manifests itself in the fact that the appearance of this fact can lead the insurer to refuse to cover or to cover it with a higher premium. The main criterion for judging whether or not facts are important is the “cautionary insurer” standard, an insurer who has a general knowledge and predictability at the same time and in the same market. In fact, the issue of the influence on cautious insurers, the Anglo-American legal system to adopt “consider the standard ”. In the meantime, in order to eliminate the unfavorable impact on the insured by adopting the “standard of consideration”, the Anglo-American legal system has developed the “incentive ” rule to limit the insurer’s act of refusing to pay. In line with purely factual factors, the main standards and the causal link, constitutes an important fact in the Anglo-American insurance law.