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[目的]了解湘潭市社区居民行为生活方式以及对常见慢性病的认知状况.[方法]采用随机抽样方法在湘潭市内5个行政区各选择1个社区,每个社区随机抽取50~80名居民,共300例进行问卷调查,共获得281份有效问卷.[结果]调查人群男性吸烟率为73.4%,女性为5.7%,男性高于女性( P <0.05).男性饮酒率为50.9%,女性为23.6%,男性高于女性( P <0.05);每周运动次数少于2次的占总调查人数的58.7%;自评睡眠状况差的占总调查人数的87.5%;75.1%的调查对象每天摄入的蔬菜水果量低于250 g ;47.3%的调查对象不了解糖尿病的风险因素;23.1%不知道如何预防糖尿病;34.2%的调查对象不知道如果预防慢性肾病;16.7%的调查对象不了解高血压;56.9%的调查对象对常见慢性病的防治知识有需求,并希望通过电视、报刊书籍和医生等途径获得相关知识.[结论]社区居民中普遍存在吸烟、不合理膳食、缺少体育运动等行为危险因素.居民对常见慢性病的风险因素及预防措施知晓状况欠佳,并对慢性病防治知识和日常生活保健知识需求迫切.“,”Objective] To understand the behavior habit and life style and the awareness of common chro ‐nic diseases among inhabitants in Xiangtan city .[Methods] Random sampling method was used to choose a community in 5 administrative area of Xiangtan city .The 50 ~ 80 inhabitants in each community were drawn . A total of 300 cases were interviewed by using questionnaire .There were 281 valid questionnaires .[Results]The smoking rate in male and female among investigation population was 73 .4% and 5 .7% respectively ,and the smoking rate in male was higher than that in female( P < 0 .05) .The rate of alcohol consumption in male and female was 50 .9% and 23 .6% respectively ,and that in male was higher than that in female( P < 0 .05) . The people with exercise frequency lower than twice a week accounted for 58 .7% of the survey people .The people with self‐rating poor sleep quality accounted for 58 .7% of the survey people .The intakes of vegetables and fruits in 75 .1% of the survey people were lower than 250g .About 47 .3% of the survey people were lack of the knowledge of the risk factors of diabetes mellitus .About 23 .1% of the survey people did not know how to prevent diabetes mellitus .About 34 .2% of the survey people did not know how to prevent chronic nephro‐sis .About 16 .7% of the survey people were lack of the knowledge of hypertension .About 56 .9% of the sur‐vey peoples had the requirement of the knowledge of the prevention and control of common chronic diseases , and hoped to obtain the related knowledge through television ,newspapers ,periodicals ,books and physicians .[Conclusion] Behavioral risk factors such as smoking ,immoderate diet and the deficiency of physical exercise are commonly seen in community inhabitants .The awareness of the risk factors of common chronic diseases and prevention measurements in inhabitants are poorer .The inhabitants have the strong requirement of the knowledge of the prevention and control of chronic diseases and daily health care .