大规模的器官移植从20世纪80年代开始,移植对器官供体的需要与器官捐赠的数量之间存在巨大的差距,在这种推力的作用下,非法器官交易行为大量出现。这就使得器官捐赠移植不仅仅是一个医学问题,更是一个社会问题。医学、法学、经济学、伦理学等学科逐渐对这个问题开展了研究,本文主要梳理对器官捐赠与移植的社会学阐释。当前国外在这方面的研究重点主要在描述器官捐赠系统内部的差异性、影响器官捐赠行为的社会机制、器官商品化与市场化的合法性问题以及器官捐赠中的文化阐释与经济阐释。 Large-scale organ transplantation Since the 1980s, there has been a huge gap between the need for organ donors for transplantation and the number of organ donations, and under such thrust, there has been a massive occurrence of illegal organ trafficking. This makes organ donation transplantation not only a medical problem, but also a social problem. The subject of medicine, law, economics, ethics and other disciplines gradually carried out research on this issue. This paper mainly sorts out the social explanation of organ donation and transplantation. At present, foreign research in this field mainly focuses on the differences within the organ donation system, the social mechanisms that affect organ donation behavior, the legitimacy of organ commercialization and marketization, and the cultural interpretation and economic interpretation of organ donation.